determination genes has brought a new understanding to the developmental relationship between the insect compound eye and the vertebrate camera eye.2 Additional studies are now beginning to suggest that even lat
In zebrafish, two of the three hh genes, that is, shh and twhh, perform similar functions during eye development. Stenkamp et al. (2000) intensively examined their expression profiles in zebrafish embryos. The results showed that both shh and twhh are expressed in embryonic zebrafish RPE, ...
In myopia, the eye grows too long, and the image projected on the retina is poorly focused when subjects look at a distance. While the retina normally controls eye growth by visual processing, it seems to give up during myopia development. But what has changed? To determine whether the shar...
a jawless vertebrate (agnathan) whose progenitors diverged from all other vertebrates in the Cambrian over 500 million years ago (Fig.1a)8,9. The eye of the adult lamprey shows remarkable similarities in structure to the conserved camera eye of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), with a cornea...
16 During embryonic development, the retina originates as an outgrowth of the brain. Thus, despite its peripheral location, the retina is in fact considered part of the CNS. Sign in to download full-size image FIGURE 19.2. The retina. (A) Light enters the eye through the lens and forms ...
The rd2 mouse model, characterized by a mutation in the Prph2 gene, exhibits abnormal development of photoreceptor outer segments, resulting in progressive retinal degeneration. While the correlation between poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activity and the degeneration of rod photoreceptors is establis...
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the neurons that transmit visual information from the eye to the brain and thus, their survival is critical for vision. These neurons are very sensitive to insults, and damage to RGC axons in the optic nerve may lead to rapid RGC death in acute diseases ...
眼内晶状体很像照相机镜头,聚焦光视网膜上。它调整眼睛的焦点,让我们看到事物都近距离很远。镜头是由水和蛋白质。蛋白质是一种精确的方式排列,使得镜头清楚,让光线穿过它。但随着我们年龄的增长,一些蛋白质会聚集在一起并开始云的一个小区域的镜头。这是白内障,随着时间的推移,它可能会增大和云更多的...
Vessels supplying the macula have a characteristic radial structure, motivating the development of a particular approach to enforce this structure. This uses the same lattice site invasion approach between the macula outer radius and the fovea (which is kept vessel-free), but with the stride set ...
Neuroforum 2017; 23(2): A93–A101 Philipp Berens* and Thomas Euler* Neuronal Diversity In The Retina DOI 10.1515/nf-2016-A055 Abstract: The retina in the eye performs complex com- putations, to transmit only behaviourally relevant infor- mation about our visual environment to the brain. ...