(AT-I cells), which cover 95% of the alveolarsurface, and cuboidaltype II pneumocytes(AT-II cells) [5,6]. Epithelial cell–cell junctions through tight junctions (TJs), adherent junctions (AJs),gap junctions, anddesmosomesconstitute the main physical barrier of the respiratory system [7,8...
Figure 2. Neuroanatomy of the brain stem respiratory network. Sagittal (a) and horizontal (b) views of the rat brain stem, showing locations of the main groups of respiratory neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. (c) Diagram of a ‘rhythmic’ 300- to 700-μm-thick transverse sl...
The spread of many infectious diseases relies on aerosol transmission to the respiratory tract. Here we design an intranasal mask comprising a positively-charged thermosensitive hydrogel and cell-derived micro-sized vesicles with a specific viral receptor. We show that the positively charged hydrogel int...
The boot-shaped mitochondrial CI is the most sophisticated component of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system8,9. Human CI has 45 subunits organized into two domains of the complex, dubbed the matrix and membrane domains10. There are three distinct functional modules of CI known as the ...
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Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and epithelium lineage labeling have yielded identification of multiple abnormal epithelial progenitor populations during alveolar type 2 (ATII) cell differentiation into alveolar type 1 (ATI) cells during regenerative lung post-fibrotic injury. Th...
and important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory system diseases. However, in previous research, Smad5 was mainly used to broadly determine the activation of the BMP signaling pathway, and its own function has not been given much attention. It is worth noting that Smad5 has distinct ...
The respiratory system includes a set of organs of the human body that perform gas exchange between the human body and the outside air, organs such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, etc. are among the organs. Which are widely used in the human respiratory system and...
Reabsorption of molecules excreted through the bile can occur, known as enterohepatic recycling. It can prolong the duration of action and may continue for an extended period of time until the system is interrupted (e.g., by metabolism, curtailment of bile flow, or ingestion of a drug ...
A simple apparatus for the serial measurement of the respiratory exchange in the rat.animal modelscompositionequipmentestimationtechniquesThe apparatus is described, and a diagram is given. The CO2 content of the system is measured at the end of each 15 min. run, the system is flushed with air...