Heart rate and respiratory rate are key vital signs used to assess the physiological status of children in many clinical settings. They are used as initial measurements in acutely ill children, and in those undergoing intensive monitoring in high-dependency or intensive-care settings. During cardiopul...
The device can measure the subject's respiration rate at a wide range of frequencies (slow, normal, and rapid), ranging from 4 to 100 breaths per minute (bpm). The single-pixel ToF sensor with a 940nm wavelength is illumination-invariant in indoor applications and robust against clothes. ...
The aerosol mass emission rate during speaking (0.092 ng s−1; minute ventilation (VE) 15.1 L min−1) and vigorous exercise (0.207 ng s−1, p = 0.726; VE 62.6 L min−1) is similar, but lower than during very vigorous exercise (0.682 ng s...
The most common cause of short-term sinus arrhythmia is respiration.Respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA) is a normal finding and may be quite marked (up to 10–20 beats/min or more), particularly in children and young adults. The heart rate normally increases with inspiration and decreases with ...
Fig. 1: Major modes of transmission of respiratory viruses during short-range and long-range transmission. During an acute respiratory virus infection, an infected individual (infector; red) may shed virus in exhaled breath droplets and aerosols, and may also contaminate their immediate bodily surfac...
Hamartomas are usually composed predominantly of mature cartilage but may include other cell types that normally occur in normal lung tissue. Pulmonary hamartomas are probably benign neoplasms rather than true hamartomas (i.e., developmental abnormalities), since they are not found in children. ...
The range of clinical effects of released histamine include increased cardiac output due to an increase in heart rate, increased force of myocardial contraction, and a dilatatory effect on small blood vessels leading to flushing, decreased vascular resistance and hypotension. Resultant hemodynamic ...
In comparison, SARS-CoV infection was usually mild in kids under the age of 12. In contrast, infection in adult children was close to that in adults [67]. SARS-CoV-ac-Quired infection was connected to a lethality rate of 25%. during pregnancy, a high incident of spontaneous abortion, pr...
Disturbances in the normal breathing patterns (i.e., breathing rate and depth) can reflect a person’s underlying health status (i.e., stable or unstable). In a routine medical setting, specialized instruments can accurately measure a patient’s breathing pattern by monitoring sound, airflow ...
The normal sinus rate is linearly related to Vo2during exercise, whereas MV is linearly related to Vco2. As Vo2and Vco2increase proportionately at workloads less than anaerobic threshold, an MV sensor is highly correlated with metabolic needs at low workloads. However, at workloads above anaerobi...