The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ERα) and agents targeting this pathway represent the main treatment modality. Endocrine therapy has proven successful in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer since its early adop
In this review we will discuss the general principles for optimizing the choice of endocrine therapy based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to the different anti-hormonal agents. 展开 关键词: Endocrine resistance Breast cancer Estrogen receptor Hormonal therapy ...
Oncolytic virotherapy is a well-established cancer treatment that utilizes virus-based therapies for direct application to tumors. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a genetically modified herpes simplex type 1 virus which incorporates a knock-in of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM...
The ongoing scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted the interest in surveillance of transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistance. Resistance data on virological failure and mutations in HIV infected populations initiating treatment in sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. Me...
The biological functions and mechanisms of oncogenic KRASG12D (KRAS∗) in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy are not fully understood. We demonstrate that KRAS∗ represses the expression of interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), which in turn directly represses CXCL3 expressi...
Enterococcus faecium has become an important microorganism in nosocomial infections with great ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. However, little is
Too many cofactors that need to be considered are still prohibiting the implementation of myostatin-inhibition in therapy [71]. This makes physical activity and exercise induced Myostatin-inhibition even more important for therapeutic use. 4.2.2. Decorin and Follistatin The Myostatin–Antagonist Decorin...
Thirty patients with CAD, who had been exercising for at least 6 months in an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program, were invited to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: the patients were receiving optimal medical therapy for CAD with a stable condition for ...
Variants in the RAS family (HRAS, NRAS and KRAS) are among the most common mutations found in cancer. About 19% patients with cancer harbor RAS mutations, which are typically associated with poor clinical outcomes. Over the past four decades, KRAS has lo