Presents a chart depicting the average residential unit prices and consumption for utility natural gas and electricity for U.S. city average and selected areas. Area, region and population size classes, Average price per therm of utility natural gas from December 2002 to January 2003; Range of ...
a) Cost per THERM (Natural Gas) b) Cost per GALLON (Propane) c) Cost per KWH (Electricity-Assumes Average Off Peak and Peak). Alternatively, a cooling load and resulting energy cost can be determined for the residence, similar to calculating the heating energy cost for warmer climates whe...
No comparable policy exists for the natural gas system to reduce GHG emissions. Yet, carbon prices in California, ranging between $12 and $22/tonne as of early 2019, have been too small to effectively signal to customers the GHG benefits associated with fuel-switching to electricity. In 2016...
The integration of the fuel cell in the system as well as its use for the simulation did not occur due to the usual unavailability of piped hydrogen within a household, compared to natural gas which is much more accessible. In a load profile comprising 8760 h, an hour was selected for ...
Cooling cycles per ejector are trithermic; the exchange heat comes from three different temperatures: evaporator, in which the heat is collected from the cold area; generator, which has the hottest temperatures from solar collectors; and condenser, which releases energy to the environment [26]. ...
The continual escalation of energy prices and the necessity to reduce environmental impact demand the identification of more effective and sustainable solutions while upholding indoor microclimate parameters. Natural ventilation, relying on convective air movement processes, emerges as a balanced and cost-...
From the ground to the 21st story, there are two dwelling units per story with four bedrooms in each story, two common stairs and five common lifts; on the 22nd story there is a common hall and bar. The building configuration is from 23 to 28 stories, with two dwelling units per story...
This fact is negatively affected by the consideration of rising electricity prices, which increases these costs. However, despite the prediction of energy price increases, the worst performing option is Version 1, whose total heat losses are covered by natural gas. Maintenance and renewal costs are...
Energies 2017, 10, 1915 13 of 23 intensity of electricity grid and natural gas prices. Analysis of the model equations reveals that a unit change in natural gas price would have the same effect as a corresponding change in the carbon price. Hence, the sensitivities related to natural gas ...
These costs depend primarily on the prices of fuel, i.e., hard coal, natural gas, and heating oil. The adopted fuel prices are as of June 2023 and are much higher than two years before, which is caused by the geopolitical situation and the general increase in the prices of goods and ...