Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has emerged as a solution, integrating the mobile robot’s position and environmental state data from sensors to construct precise local and global maps for autonomous navigation [3]. However, this process relies on costly sensors and manual examinations to...
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has emerged as a solution, integrating the mobile robot’s position and environmental state data from sensors to construct precise local and global maps for autonomous navigation [3]. However, this process relies on costly sensors and manual examinations to...