both materialist and idealist. Descartes’s teachings on the immediate certainty of self-consciousness, on innate ideas, on the intuitive nature of axioms, and on the opposition of the material and the ideal laid the foundation for the development of idealism. On the other hand his teachings on...
istic metaphysics, particularly to its unbridled use of speculation, its grandiose claims, and its epistemology grounded in innate ideas) If Locke could account of all human knowledge without making reference to innate ideas, then his theory would be simpler, hence better, than that of Descartes....
【按语:Descartes(1596-1650)的《第一哲学沉思集:论上帝的存在和人的灵魂与肉体之间的实在区别》(1641)正文虽然篇幅不长,却是划时代的巨著:一方面,心灵在纯粹的反思中通过作为表象的观念把握到自我、物质和上帝并做出区分。这一认识论路径直接规定了斯宾诺莎、莱布尼茨、洛克、贝克莱、休谟乃至康德等人的问题意识甚至探究...
Rene Descartes, French mathematician and philosopher, generally regarded as the founder of modern Western philosophy. He is known for his epistemological foundationalism as expressed in the cogito (‘I think, therefore I am’), his metaphysical dualism,