Muddy brown granular cast - Acute tubular necrosis; Red blood cell casts - Glomerulonephritis; White blood cell casts - Interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis; Fatty casts - Nephrotic syndrome; Broad and waxy casts - Chronic renal failure; *Extremely high yield question for the USMLE!!!
(3) postrenal failure (obstruction of urine flow due, for example, to obstruction of the ureters or urethra). Explain why anephric or chronic renal failure patients exhibit anemia. The kidneys normally manufacture and secrete erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Aneph...
Clients with diabetes are prone to renal insufficiency and renal failure. The contrast used for heart catherization must be eliminated by the kidneys, which further stresses them and may produce acute renal failure. A teenager who has an appendectomy and a pregnant woman with a fractured femur ...
Chronic Glomerulonephritis Reflects severe glomerular damage (ESRD); progresses insidiously to renal failure from a few to 30 years> Kidneys are reduced to as little as 1/5 their normal size> Some patients are asymptomatic for years; as glomerular damage increases, signs and symptoms of renal in...