DAMPs emitted in the course of ICD include endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones such as calreticulin (CALR) and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which are exposed on the cell surface, the non-histone chromatin-binding protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the cytoplasmic protein annexin A1 (...
In addition to fission and fusion, self-degradation of mitochondria upon severe injury, a process called mitophagy, is also influenced by MAM proteins. The PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)/parkin pathway is the main signaling pathway for mitophagy. PINK is degraded by mitochondria-resident enzyme...
For example, cytosolic proteins can be sequestered into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through co-sorting with other proteins, including the chaperones heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70) and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70), which are commonly found in exosomes derived from various cell ...
Since both proteins contain a copper-binding domain, they have been suggested to function as copper chaperones for COX, specifically for the insertion of Cu into the Cu site in subunit II. Mutations in either gene result in fatal infantile encephalomyopathies in humans, with COX deficiency in ...
Cell Stress Chaperones 10:86–103 CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Cole LA (1997) Immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin, its free subunits, and metabolites. Clin Chem 43:2233–2243 CAS PubMed Google Scholar Dang CV, Semenza GL (1999) Oncogenic alterations of metabolism. Trends...
Furthermore, a non-transcriptional function for C/EBPδ has also been discovered: it chaperones the FANCD2 DNA repair protein into the nucleus [41]. FANCD2 has also been shown to interact with the transcription factor NFκB and to inhibit as well as activate gene expression [42, 43]. ...
Similar to Fas, TNFR1 is also upregulated in liver of NASH patients (48, 49). TNFR1 and its cognate ligand, TNFα, play an important role in proinflammatory signaling, development of insulin resistance, and, perhaps, steatosis; however, they are not directly implicated in mediating lipo...
Since both proteins contain a copper-binding domain, they have been suggested to function as copper chaperones for COX, specifically for the insertion of Cu into the Cu site in subunit II. Mutations in either gene result in fatal infantile encephalomyopathies in humans, with COX deficiency in ...
In interphase cells, NTPs play an important role in mediating the nuclear import and export of macromolecules. In mitotic cells, these proteins continue to regulate aspects of mitosis through fundamental principles of nuclear transport.277Many NTPs act as molecular chaperones for highly basic cargoes...
Proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members are capable of causing permeabilization of the outer mitochon- drial membrane (MOMP) when numbers predominate over those of their chaperones. Bax is perhaps the best-character- ized member of this family and appears to play a pivotal role in neutrophil apoptosis...