The parameters Kamp and τamp are the gain and time constant of the amplifier respectively. Utilizing the above models, the transfer function model of AVR with a power generation system is shown in Fig. 2a. Figure 2 (a) Transfer function model of AVR with the power generation system. (b)...
A switching regulator is configured to provide a regulated voltage to a load while maintaining a substantially maximum output current limit, the switching regulator having a loop gain. In accordance with one aspect the switching regulator comprises: a circuit for adjusting the maximum output current ...
I am also perplexed by the lack of a resistor between PC1 emitter and the VFB input (as seen in the DS Figure 25 as Rfbg). This means that any tiny change in emitter voltage is immediately amplified by the full gain of the internal error-amp, and it sounds lik...
A method is proposed for the design of constant-gain optimal feedback control laws for discrete-time systems, which reduce trajectory sensitivity to small system parameter variations and ensure the closed-loop eigenvalues at the prescribed locations. The selected performance index is of standard linear...
Water-suppressed spectra were acquired using a 1D NOESY pulse sequence with a relaxation delay of 10 s, 256 scans, 8 dummy scans, receiver gain 40.3, and mixing-time of 80 ms. Water-soluble metabolites were quantified using TopSpin software (Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, MA) as ...
The current passing through the BJT depends on a parameter called the common-emitter current gain [121]. The smaller the gain, the higher the base current is needed to control the current passing through the BJT. The base current is the control signal and it should be low. Therefore, a ...
The speed of recovery is directly related to the RCL time constant of the output filter. To ensure an adequate thermal recovery time, it is recommended to design the output filter with a minimal output inductor value and a minimal amount of bulk capacitance with minimum ESR, while providing a...
In general, the performance of the closed voltage regulation loop is evaluated by two important values: the loop bandwidth and the loop stability margin. The loop bandwidth is quantified by the crossover frequency fC, at which the loop gain T(s) equals one (0dB). The loop stability margin ...
Images were captured using 800 gain, 1024 × 1024 frame size, and 8 bit depth. The fluorescence intensities of each channel were analyzed in ZEN 3.1 software, and raw data were exported to Image-Pro Plus software for ratio image analysis. The Venus/mTFP emission ratio was calculated ...
(DCL, non-regenerative state) or no injury17(Fig.1a). Among the PL-DhMRs (each ~200 bp), 561 (54%) displayed 5hmC gain and 475 (46%) loss, both predominantly localized in gene body and intergenic regions rather than promoters and CpG islands (Fig.1b), suggesting a complex role...