One particular signaling pathway, the BMP pathway, plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. However, many of the mechanisms regulating this pathway are still unknown, one specifically being how the I-Smad Dad negatively regulates the pathway. With the...
116,117 The most critical regulatory pathway of BMP signaling depends on the phosphorylation of Smad proteins.118,119,120,121 In addition, BMP signaling also interferes with multiple signaling pathways, including MAPK/PI3K/Akt, Wnt, hedgehog, and notch, and participates in the regulation of ...
One study demonstrated that high levels of typical BMP signaling were detected in hippocampal niches21. In addition, ligands of the BMP family are involved in the regulation of resting adult hippocampal stem cells and in the control of progenitor cell maturation at multiple stages of the neurogenic...
Taken together, we demonstrate that sumoylation plays a role for Axin to function in the JNK pathway.; We also identified Arkadia as novel Axin interacting protein. Arkadia is a protein that enhances signaling activity of TGF-beta/Nodal and BMP through interacting with inhibitory Smad, Smad7,...
The purpose of this study was to examine the MAPK signaling pathways involved in regulation of HO-1 and the odontoblast differentiation markers during the odontoblastic differentiation for HDPCs. We evaluated cell growth by MTT assay and differentiation marker mRNA expression by RT-PCR. When the ...
Structure of TGF-βs TGF-β signal transduction pathway Studies of human malignancies involving TGF-β reveal its essential role in the control of hematopoiesis TGF-β and the regulation of murine hematopoiesis in vivo Control of human and murine stem/progenitor cell proliferation by TGF-β: in ...
1140 TonEBP-dependent genes were identified and categorized using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Bioinformatic analysis showed enrichment of matrix homeostasis and cytokine/chemokine signaling pathways. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitric ...
[3]. Accordingly, inhibition of SMAD 2 and SMAD 3 is sufficient to induce muscle growth [4,5]. On the other hand, BMP signaling is a positive regulator of muscle mass and is dominant over the myostatin pathway [6,7]. BMP pathway is activated in myostatin knockout and is sufficient, ...
(Wnt/LRP5/β-catenin,BMP/Smads/DPC4,Vitamin D/VDR/VDRE pathway,etc) and several key proteins(Msx2,Dlx5,Twists,etc) necessary for regulating Runx2 activity and bone formation,which give us new hints on controlling osteoblast differentiation by drug therapy and treating osteoporosis by gene ...
Recent work has revealed that a core group of transcription factors (TFs) regulates the key characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells: pluripotency and self-renewal. Current efforts focus on identifying genes that play important roles in maintaining p