Liphophilic hormone vitamin D exerts important biological functions on the maintenance of calcium and bone homeostasis through activating VDR, which is a ligand-dependent transcrip- tion factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily62,63. VDR mediates 1,25(OH)2D function via heterodimerizing ...
The type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R), a G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor (GPCR), is the primary functional receptor for both endogenous PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) ligands. PTH1R plays critical roles in regulation of calcium metabolism, skeletal development, and ho...
Step-by-Step Solution1. Identify the Hormones: The question mentions two hormones: Aldosterone and Parathormone. Both play roles in the regulation of body fluids.2. Understand Aldosterone
(1999). L-type calcium chan- nels and GSK-3 regulate the activity of NF-ATc4 in hippocampal neurons. Nature 401, 703–708. Graef, I.A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Kuo, A., and Crabtree, G.R. (2001). Signals transduced by Ca(2+)/calcineurin and NFATc3/c4 pattern the developing ...
Bone functions include maintaining blood calcium levels, providing mechanical support to soft tissues and serving as levers for muscle action, supporting hematopoiesis, and housing the brain and spinal cord (2). Formation and maintenance of bone tissue are regulated in a sophisticated fashion by bone...
OPEN Citation: Cell Death and Disease (2017) 8, e3076; doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.474 Official journal of the Cell Death Differentiation Association www.nature.com/cddis Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regeneration Luigi Racioppi*,1,2,4, ...
After osteogenic induction, lighter alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining indicated the incompetent osteogenic differentiation of theChd7-deleted MSCs (Fig.4a). Meanwhile, impaired ALP activity and less calcium mineralization were detected in thePrx1-cre;Chd7fl/flMSCs (Fig.4a–c). The significantly do...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)2 is an 84-amino acid single-chain polypeptide synthesized and secreted by the parathyroid glands in a calcium-regulated manner. PTH maintains serum calcium homeostasis, controls renal phosphate resorption, and vitamin D 1α-hydroxylation (1) by activating the PTH/PTH-relate...
The “tiptoe walking” mouse (ttw mouse) carries a naturally occurring truncation mutation in the Enpp1 gene, resulting in deficient ENPP1 expression and enzyme activity (13, 14). This mouse exhibits abnormal calcium deposition in cartilage and ligaments, with significantly diminished cortical bone...
Here, using organelle-resolution proteomics, we identify member a2 of the solute carrier 37 family (Slc37a2) as a SL sugar transporter. We demonstrate in mice that Slc37a2 localizes to the SL limiting membrane and that these organelles adopt a hitherto unnoticed but dynamic tubular network in...