Gene expressiontranscription factorssingle-moleculesuper-resolutioncell signalingintrinsically disordered proteinphase transitionmolecular crowdingfluorescent proteinHigh-speed single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in vivo shows that transcription factors in eukaryotes can act in oligomeric clusters mediated by ...
the mechanism of the formation of weeping trait is diverse in different species. The weeping trait of willow is caused by the lack of mechanical support due to the excessive elongation of the stem3. Several studies have demonstrated
In this review, we briefly describe the major advancements achieved in exploring the cellular function of Fe–S regulatory proteins from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, organized according to the primary signal to which they respond (see also Table 1). Table 1. Fe–S proteins in the regulation...
DNA encodes the genetic information in the cell, but in all eukaryotes, DNA is rarely found naked but usually packaged into a higher-order structure termed chromatin, which is composed of DNA and histones. The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of 147 base pairs of DNA...
Condensin complexes were also detected to function in interphase, such as participating in chromatin 3D regulation (Hagstrom and Meyer2003; Kim2021; Yuen and Gerton2018). For example, condensin II have been reported to function in determining the architecture type in eukaryotes or the formation of...
In eukaryotes, transcription of protein-coding genes is performed by RNA Pol II.49, 50, 51 Genes transcribed by RNA Pol II typically require transcriptional regulatory elements (core promoters, proximal promoters, distal enhancers, and silencers) and the molecular machinery (general transcription factor...
Although introns are not directly involved in the translation of mRNA for protein synthesis, they play an important role in the regulation of gene expression [55]. In many cases, the presence of introns in eukaryotic gene coding regions can improve the gene expression. Introns are excised during...
Regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes: mechanisms and biological targets. Cell 2009; 136: 731–745. Article CAS Google Scholar Mamane Y, Petroulakis E, Martineau Y, Sato TA, Larsson O, Rajasekhar VK et al. Epigenetic activation of a subset of mRNAs by eIF4E explains its effects...
Histone acetylation regulates gene expression, cell function and cell fate1. Here we study the pattern of histone acetylation in the epithelial tissue of the Drosophila wing disc. H3K18ac, H4K8ac and total lysine acetylation are increased in the outer rim of the disc. This acetylation pattern ...
How specificity is conferred within gene regulatory networks is an important problem in biology. The basic helix–loop–helix PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and single zinc-finger CYCLING DOF FACTORs (CDFs) mediate growth responses of Arabidopsis