The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves) is reduced inside the medium. For example, typical soda-lime glass has a refractive index of 1.5, which means that
For instance, the refractive index of water at 20 °C for the D line is denoted as n20/D = 1.33299 (typically expressed as nD = 1.33299). Note: While the refractive index measured by setting the refractive index of a vacuum to 1 is termed the absolute refractive index, it is generally...
A radius of the convex surface S2, a thickness of the single lens, and a focal distance are denoted as r2, (d), and (f), respectively, so as to satisfy a condition of -1.5<=r2/f<=-0.5, and 0.8<=d/f<=2.8. Also, it is desirable to satisfy 0.4<=r2/d<=0.6. In this way,...
The complex refractive index is customarily denoted as: n=1−δ+iβ{\displaystyle n=1-\delta +i\beta } The real and imaginary components,δ{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \delta } andβ, describe the dispersive and absorptive aspects of the wave-matter interaction. These components can be cal...
The proposed nanostructure is sensitive to the change of the refractive index of the substance to be tested. We established the correspondence between the change of the refractive index and the peak position of the reflection spectrum. And then we propose an optical refractive index sensor with a...
This can be achieved using Long's method as follows: S=CA ¼ f11 f21 f12 f22 where, in the 2 Â 2 matrix, the cell in the first row and first column is denoted by f11 and the cell in the first row and second column is denoted by f12 and so on. Long12 showed that ...
Fig. 11. The imaginary component of effective refractive index with studied wavelength HfAu-PCF sensor. The propagation constant, denoted by β, represents the phase change per unit length experienced by a mode propagating through the fiber and is instrumental in determining the behavior and performa...
2 in which the time interval between the two said maxima is denoted by the reference T1. After the occurrence of these two maxima, it is certain that the first layer of Si has reached the correct thickness. Subsequently, a layer of Mo is vapour deposited until the signal of the X-ray ...
1(h). The width w of the left and right horizontal parts of the straight waveguide is set to 50 nm, which can ensure the smooth passage of the fundamental transverse magnetic mode. In the semi-annular straight waveguide, the inner radius is denoted as r, the coupling distance between the...
The two-dimensional (2D) design method producing quasi-isotropic parameters is further extended to a potential 3D realization with all-dielectric gradient refractive index metamaterials. Numerical full-wave simulations are performed on both 2D and 3D models to verify the functionality and broadband ...