The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves) is reduced inside the medium. For example, typical soda-lime glass has a refractive index of 1.5, which means that in glass, light travels at ...
where n∥ and n⊥ are the refractive index parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis, respectively. Refractive index and birefringence are the two main distinguishing features for the identification of a fibre’s generic class. Although the refractive indices can be obtained by a light microscope...
physics Share Videos How does refraction affect the direction of a wave? Learn more about refraction. Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. How does optical density affect light refraction? Overview of the concept of refraction of light.
Resultant force will act towards the direction of large force. Case 3: When the forces are balanced (Equal forces are acting in opposite direction to each other), the Vertical forces | Horizontal forces resultant force will be equal to zero....
Refractive index determination of RBCs and Hb solutions has been carried out already for many decades. Homogeneous solutions of Hb can be obtained from RBCs by breaking open the cell membranes (hemolysis) and it is known that their complex RI depends on the (intracellular) Hb concentrationcHbaccor...
An exemplary refractive-index sensor includes a photonic crystal microcavity structure, a light source, and a detector. The photonic crystal microcavity structure includes a photonic crystal layer having first holes and a second hole defined therein. The first holes are arranged in a regular pattern ...
Understanding the molecular interaction and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid materials is an important and fundamental assignment to develop novel high-performance materials. In this work, we developed two types of hybrid coating materials by using
physics Print Also known as: index of refraction, mutual refractive index, refractive constant Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by wo...
The refractive index also depends on temperature. The increase in temperature causes a decrease of density, promoting the rising of the light speed in that liquid. According to Equation (12), the increase of light speed in a medium causes the decrease of the refractive index. Therefore, the ...
Furthermore, recently developed PCF-based SPR sensors have an upper detection limit taking into account the refractive index of the silica glass, which remains a challenging factor in designing a biosensor for samples having higher refractive index values [31,32]. A new class of photonic ...