and J. K. Maier, (2014), "Poverty, Vulnerability, and Reference- Dependent Utility," Review of Income and Wealth 60: 155-181.Gunther, Isabel and Johannes K. Maier. (2014). "Poverty, Vulnerability, and Reference-Dependent Utility". Review of Income and Wealth, 60(1): 155-181....
Poverty, Vulnerability, and Reference Dependent Utility In this paper we argue that the recent evidence on individuals' decision making is of high relevance for the measurement of poverty when switching from a static and certain to a dynamic and uncertain framework. The numerous proposed meas... ...
These examples are all perceptual. ▶ Not only are sensory perceptions reference-dependent but so are judgments and evaluations about outcomes in one’s life. ▶ Do I have a good income? Depends on the standards of my society and peer group. ▶ Should I be happy with a 5% raise? De...
Based on a literature survey, we conclude that social norms, default options, and reference-dependent utility are likely explanations for the individual ... F Van Erp,N Vermeer,D Van Vuuren - 《De Economist》 被引量: 24发表: 2014年 Comparison of different layouts of inspection instructions for...
II. REFERENCE-DEPENDENT UTILITY We specify a person’s utility for a riskless outcome as u ( c ? r ), where c ? ( c 1 , c 2 , . . . , c K ) ? ? ??K is consumption and r ? ( r 1 , r 2 , . . . , r K ) ? ? ??K is a “reference level” of consumption. ...
For example, an application might be dependent on the latest version of the Microsoft .NET Framework being installed. This script also runs after the installation of applications, which ensures that the latest application service packs and updates have been applied. For example, use this script to...
For both types of preferences tolls are sensitive to the strength of gain–loss utility. If gain–loss utility is moderately strong, a state-independent toll can be optimal.Highlights? State-dependent congestion pricing is still rare in many potential applications. ? One explanation is that people...
The delete step is dependent upon the copy step completing successfully. Also, the same TO= value is specified on both jobstep's SUBSYS card. This ensures that both jobs manipulate the same range of log data. If TO= is omitted, and allowed to default to the current end of the logstream...
We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered ...
The header<version>supplies implementation-dependent information about the C++ standard library (such as the version number and release date). It also defines thelibrary feature-test macros. Program utilities Termination (e.g.std::abort,std::atexit), environment (e.g.std::system), signals (e....