On December 31 2017, China, previously the centre of the global recycling trade, abruptly shut its doors to imports of recycled material, citing the fact that large amounts of the waste were “dirty” or “hazardous” and thus a threat to the environment. The prices of plastic scrap collaps...
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Adding to the challenge is the volatility of market prices of these recovered materials, which heavily influences the resale value of the recovered materials and increases the uncertainty of the profitability [25]. Furthermore, the masses of valuable materials present in the PV modules also affect ...
In addition, coal prices are more than 1 million VND per ton, meaning that they will save 5 billion VND each year. However, it is difficult to find a way to save money, because the nature of this depends on the following three factors: the quality of the input coal, the operation ...
End-of-Waste Criteria for Copper and Copper Ally Scrap: Technical Proposals; EUR 24786 EN; Joint Research Centre—Institute for Prospective Technological Studies; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2011. © 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article ...
Moreover, in the medium term, the combination of optimization tools and model-based real-time control can enable rapid reaction to chang- ing process conditions and enhanced flexibility with respect to variable external factors (e.g., raw material prices, market demand for by-products). ...
Because of the limited annual supply and unfavourable mining conditions, platinum prices are expected to remain high, which has been identified as a major barrier to the diffusion of fuel cell vehicles by raising the cost of production [17]. While various publications discuss the diffusion of ...