lifecycle analysis; highways; scenario analyses; warm-mix asphalt; road construction1. Introduction Several problems are associated with the current road transport systems due to the demand and consumption of virgin materials for construction and maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities that extend...
For this purpose, data on bitumen production used to indirectly extrapolate the volume of aggregates used for asphalt pavement production, assuming a weight ratio of 1:20. It has also been estimated that the overall material extraction during this century has increased by a factor of 8. For ...
For example, stone mastic asphalt can have larger upfront costs than dense graded asphalt, but because of its longer performance period [119], annualised cost savings can be in the order of AUD 200,000 per year, for a typical runway overlay [120]. LCCA requires defined values for up...