Modern recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) allowed culturing saltwater species everywhere, including locations away from marine water sources. However, one of the biggest concerns when operating these systems are the management and costs associated to the reduction/removal of nutrient loads present in ...
removal may not be possible and organ damage may occur. Conversely, with HOPE, if a failure occurs in the perfusion system, the system simply converts to simple CS, ensuring safety. Furthermore, NMP carries the risk of bacterial contamination, bacterial growth, and coagulation in the circuit29...
(BOT to TA2 or TA1 to EOT), and c) coupling devices are provided - which, prior to removal of the recording medium (10) from the apparatus, transport the medium to the area at the beginning or end thereof and, when a command is given (via switch SWU in Fig. 3), transfer the ...