This study aimed at understanding the reasons veterinarians conduct a urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) in cats, correlating it with signalment, dipstick proteinuria tests, and urine specific gravity (USG) and assessing its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis and monitoring. A ret...
To understand why your pee looks white, it helps to know what urine really is. “Urine is one of the body’s waste products, and urinating is one of the ways the body gets rid of excess amounts of what it doesn’t need. Typically, this means urine is made up of water, urea, cr...
AL score was based on baseline heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, waist circumference, glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, c-reactive protein, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and cystatin C. Each parameter was assigned points (0-3) ...
MTTA; mephtetramine; Novel Psychoactive Substances; sensorimotor; behaviour; mice; blood and urine analysis; synthetic cathinones; histological changes1. Introduction Since new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have surfaced in the worldwide illicit drug market, they have quickly established themselves as a...
Daily salt intake was estimated using spot urine in the baseline survey according to the equation [30]; estimated daily salt intake = 21.98 × ((spot urine sodium (mEq/L)/spot urine creatinine (mg/dL)/10) × (PRCr))0.392/17. Predicted value of creatinine (PRCr) was calculated by the ...