In summary, the Heaviside Function, also known as the unit step function, is a mathematical function that is commonly denoted as H(x) or θ(x) and is named after the English mathematician and physicist Oliver Heaviside. It has several real-life applications, including in control systems,...
Chi, Yung-feng, "True-to-Life Real-Time Animation of Shallow Water on Todays GPUs," in Wolfgang Engel, ed., ShaderX4, Charles River Media, pp. 467-480, 2005. Chiang, Matt Jen-Yuan, Benedikt Bitterli, Chuck Tappan, and Brent Burley, "A Practical and Controllable Hair and Fur Model...
(The entropy of the Sun grows in such a manner, as an example, and is an energy source for life on Earth.) Additionally, it is not just metabolism that supports disequilibrium; this disequilibrium is itself a catalytic agent of the metabolic process, i.e., it creates and supports itself...
Its core idea is to maintain the battery SOC around a SOC-balanced point to extend battery life in most cases. During engine only mode, the engine not only provides the requested power, but also the charging power of battery, thus the engine power is (21) where is the additional charging...
Radiosity Normal Mapping/Half-Life 2 Basis(光能传递法线贴图/半条命 2 基础)(423) 3. Hemispherical Harmonics/H-Basis(半球谐波/H 基)(425) 4. Environment Mapping(环境映射)(425) 1. Latitude-Longitude Mapping(经纬度映射)(427) 2. Sphere Mapping(球体映射)(429) 3. Cube Mapping(立方体贴图)(431)...
1) piecewise continuous real function 分段连续实函数2) continuous piecewise Lyapunov functions 连续分段Lyapunov函数 1. Sufficient condition of stability is given by using continuous piecewise Lyapunov functions. 本文分析了在特定切换控制函数作用下,切换系统的稳定性,用连续分段Lyapunov函数讨论了切换系统稳定...
A comprehensive survey of the application of game theory to smart grid systems was provided by Saad et al. [6]. Vytelingum et al. analyzed the Nash equilibrium for an electricity grid to which distributed micro-storage devices are connected. Their multi-agent simulation showed that this had ...
To compensate for the errors, the signal amplitude, and the bias voltage were taken as the independent variables, the displacement error was taken as the dependent variable, and the shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation method was used to fit the curve, as shown in Figure 8. The fittin...
The target function used in this MPC was predefined, without real-time adaptation, following the known lactate values of the reference data. The prediction model used in this MPC was based on transfer function models used on the current experimental data available up to that time. The third ...
Based on the property that a piecewise linear function can approximate any curve, we choose it as the utility function of EVs; Considering EVs under cyber-attack, we build a social welfare maximization model for the whole system; By smoothing the utility function of EVs, the convex optimization...