Reaction kinetic graphsDecay constantsConcentration vectors and ratesExplosions and explosion limitsA reaction kinetic graph is constructed from a general chain reaction scheme involving pseudo-first-order elementary steps whose vertex-weights appear as decay constants or inverse of the average lifetime (τ...
Describe the direction of heat flow and the kinetic energy of particles to explain what happens to ice in a glass of water over time. In order to go through a phase change, energy must be added or released from the system. ...
These graphs also confirm that with more complete time-based information for each user, it is possible to predict the level of their influence on the social network with higher quality. For this reason, the graphs shown in Fig. 9 have a general upward trend. One can see carefully in Fig....
Full size table In Fig.6, Pareto charts illustrate the impact of independent variables and their combined effects. The bar lengths in these graphs indicate the impact of the variables. As can be seen in Fig.6, the partial pressures of CO (X2) has the greatest influence on the FT reactio...
The graphs in Fig. 5 also include lipase treatment for 60 min starting at pH 6. A hydrolysis of TGs of 93 ± 1 % was achieved in process water, starting at a pH of 7.5, with a pH decrease of only 0.04. However, a reduction of 51 ± 3 % was obtained at a starting pH of 6....
In order to deal with these problems a huge wealth of data has been accumulated over the years. Also different reaction models have been formulated. In principle these models are two-step models. In a first step the energetic particles are emitted from excites nuclei with a small number of ...
The SectionMathematical Prerequisiteswill briefly discuss the mathematical concepts that are used. The main results are discussed in three parts: SectionExact Model Reductionpresents the extension of the transformation pattern introduced by Conzelmannet al. [16]. SectionReduced Order Modeling of Combinatoria...
As explained above, the data used by Tang et al.25for rate constant calculations are inconsistent with the results obtained using the applied methods. Thus, the rate constants of the maim channel pathways are calculated by the corrected energies. So, the rate constants for P1 and P2 generation...
Distribution of reaction time. For both graphs, each bin represents 0.5 seconds. (A) Distribution of reaction time difference between the two conditions shows a higher frequency of shorter reaction time trials in the high-value condition compared to the low-value condition. Total difference acro...
FIGS. 13A and 13B are graphs showing the excitation and emission spectra, respectively, of four dyes often used in thermal reactions. FIG. 13C shows the effects of filtering the outputs of green and blue LEDs to provide distinct excitation wavelength ranges. FIG. 13D shows the effects of fil...