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X-ray optics and generation of ultra-brilliant ultra-short X-ray pulses at X-ray free electron lasers now makes it possible to conceive entirely new analysis schemes for imaging single particles or molecular assemblies [39]. Diffraction can hence be enhanced by diffractive imaging. For ...
Thus we reach the important conclusion that we can eliminate coma by a suitable choice of stop position if there is spherical aberration present; indeed, this result is implicit in the OSC formulas in Section 9.3. Furthermore, we can flatten the tangential field by a suitable choice of stop ...
X-ray detectors are widely used in imaging systems for medical diagnosis or safety screening; hence, spatial resolution is an important parameter for evaluating their performance. It is usually defined as the number of distinguishable line pairs (alternating black and white lines) per millimeter, sta...
As a bonus, some Fres-nel equations will be added to the mix, so you can actually calculate how much light is reflected or transmitted (yes, it's possible). At the end, you'll have some usable formulas to use in your latest ray tracer. 展开 被引量: 14 年份: 2006 ...
Another important parameter for modeling the beam propagation is the waist radius and beam quality factor M2. Using expression (1) we calculated the size of the input XFEL beam on the mirrors of the focusing system in dependence of the factor M2 for our above mentioned experimental conditions,...
The synthesized silicates will supplement our knowledge of possible rare-earth minerals existing in hydrothermal systems, which is important for analyzing the distribution spectra of rare elements, which are widely used for diagnostics of geochemical processes and determination of sources of ore materials...
In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend, change direction, or reflect off surfaces, complicating...
The poor 5-year survival rate for bladder cancers is associated with the lack of efficient diagnostic and treatment techniques. Despite cystoscopy-assisted photomedicine and external radiation being promising modalities to supplement or replace surgery,
X-ray spectromicroscopy with a full-field imaging technique is a powerful method for chemical analysis of heterogeneous complex materials with a nano-scale spatial resolution. For imaging optics, an X-ray reflective optical system has excellent capabilit