This direct effect of sex ratio on the manifestation of natural selection is expected to have far greater impact on the evolution of traits, such as seed-producing ability in hermaphrodites and the maintenance of sexual polymorphisms in nature, compared to indirect effects of sex ratio on ...
Therefore, certain projects are being implemented which will have a direct or indirect effect on the ratio of schooling, in addition to campaigns conducted to increase the schooling ratios of girls (See Article 10-f). 因此,除提高上述旨在提高女孩入学率的运动外,目前正在开展的项目将对儿童入学率产...
Mean evolutionary responses (±SEM) under male- or female-biased OSR for the five behavioral variables that showed a significant effect of sex ratio, in assays where selection line females were paired with standard reference males (Table 1): time to first encounter (red), time to first courtsh...
Ratio of mediator probability weighting for estimating natural direct and indirect effects. 2010 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Biometrics Section, pages 2401- 2415.Hong, G. (2010): "Ratio of mediator probability weighting for estimating natu- ral direct and indirect effects...
Additional work examining these kinds of trade-offs in other cooperative species where sons and daughters yield differing payoffs to helpers is warranted. 展开 关键词: bell miner direct benefit group augmentation indirect benefit kin selection manorina melanophrys sex allocation DOI: 10.1016/j.an...
Biomass as an energy source for three-stone cookfires is commonly used for cooking and heating rural and isolated households in developing countries; there
Alternative laser testing techniques entail direct measurement of the effective modulator alpha parameter (Dorgeuille and Devaux 1994; Suzuki and Hirayama 1995), and indirect measurement of alpha by measurement of the pulse width versus chromatic dispersion (Kataoka et al. 1992). Direct alpha measurem...
Thus, it is unclear whether this effect is nation- or lab-specific.To examine evidence for effects of direct versus indirect measurements of mean 2D:4D in Austrians.We compared 2D:4D based on direct and indirect measurements of digit lengths of Austrians.There were 80 participants, 21 adults...
Erratum: Discrepancy between direct and indirect determinations of the muon-to-proton magnetic-moment ratio μμμp (Physical Review D (1977) 15, 1, (362)) Based on the previous approach, we have investigated a possibility to resolve the discrepancy between the E710, E811 and CDF at √=1.8...
Using indirect genetic effects, next-generation matrices and a SIR (Susceptible, Infected and Recovered) model, we show that an individual's breeding value for R0 is a function of its own allele frequencies for susceptibility and infectivity and of population average susceptibility and infectivity. ...