The goal of this paper is to give a short survey of the development of a recent theory of elementary molecular processes [1–3] and of its applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. We are interested in the kinetics and dynamics of these processes, hence in the reaction probabilities ...
Reaction-Rate Theory: Fifty Years After Kramers The calculation of rate coefficients is a discipline of nonlinear science of importance to much of physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. Fifty years after Kramers' seminal paper on thermally activated barrier crossing, the author... Peter Hnggi...
Through calculation of rate constants and entropy of activation comparison between different reaction mechanisms has been carried out, indicating that the direct and consecutive mechanisms are competitive at higher temperature. The activation hardness correlates well with the activation energy and local ...
an indicator are changed by the influence of biological samples in a method for deriving the dilution rate in the biological samples by mixing a dilution aqueous solution including the indicator with the biological samples, and by comparing the absorbance of the indicator before and after the ...
Direct Calculation of Reactive Thermal Rate Constants The thermal rate constant for a chemical reaction can be obtained directly (i.e., without first obtaining state-selected or energy-dependent quantities) as the time integral of the flux-flux autocorrelation function, C ff(t). The correla......
initial rate calorimetry (IrCal), for obtaining the initial reaction rates using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (Fig. 1), which is a very sensitive calorimetric method and has been widely applied in chemistry and biology for measuring thermodynamic param- eters of a ligand binding to ...
3.14. Calculation of degrees of enrichment (En) Degrees of enrichment (En) were calculated as described previously (Ghosh and Landick, 2016) and evaluates to̅(1n−1)[1n∑1n(xix̅−1)2]where n is the number of expression element variants in a library, xi is the fractional represent...
Redox reaction is an electron transfer process: Reducedform⇌Oxidizedform+ne− where the reduced form loses n number of electrons (e−). A simple oxidation is the oxidation of methanol (CH3OH) to form formaldehyde (CH2O), formic acid (CHOOH), or carbon dioxide (CO2). A simple ...
of the mutant line from which the mutations were identified. BigDye Terminator v3.1 (ThermoFisher) was used for the sequencing reactions on the PCR amplicons, and the sequencing reaction products were sequenced on a 3130xL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) at the Life Science Core Facility, ...
Parvovirus B19 genotypes 1 and 2 detection with real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Vox Sang. 93, 208–215 (2007). 12. Tolfvenstam, T., Lundqvist, A., Levi, M., Wahren, B. & Broliden, K. Mapping of B-cell epitopes on human parvovirus B19 non- structural and structural ...