We develop new theory and relate the efficiency and the step-size distance to our energy rate equation. Correlation between the efficiency and the step-size distance is established. The various numbers are listed in Table 1: we use data from five different muscles in the literature. In summary...
The energy equation that expresses the balance between the heat transfer and the heat of gasification is (1)Qw=m˙fhv, where Qw is the rate of heat transferred to the wall (fuel), m˙f is the rate of fuel gasification, and hv is the total effective heat of gasification, i.e., the...
In the mean equation (Eq. 1), εt is a random error term with conditional variance hi,t. In Eq. (2), ηi,t denotes independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) standardised residuals. The variance equation (Eq. 3) specifies a GJR-GARCH process with an asymmetric term. In Eq....
Architected materials that actively respond to external stimuli hold tantalizing prospects for applications in energy storage, wearable electronics, and bioengineering. Molybdenum disulfide, an excellent two-dimensional building block, is a promising can
The equation governing the evolution of the fracture phase-field variable is deduced from the pseudo-energy functional\(\varPi _{\ell _\text {c}}\)by means of the variational derivative (35) wherein\({\eta _\text {f}}\)is introduced as a kinetic fracture parameter in order to avoid ...
We used the estimates of α dp and S dp to estimate the self-pollination rates (S mp ) attributed to each visitor taxon using a method-of-moments equation [50]. When quantifying the relationship between self-pollination and floral-display size, we used the direct-estimation method of the ...
dogs (Nicolai et al.2020; Yoo et al.2013). We shifted each fiber longitudinally along the length of the nerve by a random value drawn from a uniform distribution from − 0.5*INL to 0.5*INL (INL: internodal length, i.e., distance between the nodes of Ranvier for that fiber ...
The first lemma 9.1 provides a high probability uniform bound on the distance between any point and its k-th nearest neighbor.(任意点的邻居们不会离它太远) Lemma 9.1 ( K-NN Distance Bound). There exists a constant C_D>0 such that, with probability at least 1-C_D \frac{n_Q}{k_Q...
The stress difference between σYd and σY is also known as “overstress,” so Eq. (12.18) is a rate-dependent constitutive equation related to the overstress (σYd − σY). Eq. (12.18) can also be rewritten in the form of Table 12.2. Values of D and q for typical engineering ...
In Equation(2.10),Eis themodulus of elasticityrelated to the moduli of the two materials of the asperity junction and theirPoisson ratios: (2.11)1E=1−ν12E1+1−ν22E2 Summing the contact areas overall, remembering that the junctions are planar, it is possible to arrive at a formulation...