The article presents an argument on the notion of convexity regarding upper bound in a random sample. It notes that the probability distribution for any random variable can be represented by a function in which the values at a given number is probably does not be greater than x. The ...
The distribution of a random variable is said to be uniform if it appropriates the same value for all x values in the prescribed range (a, b). It is also popularly recognized by the name of rectangular distribution due to ...
The first method is a probabilistic approach. The range of a pencil beam is assumed to be a random variable, which makes the delivered dose and the value of the objective function a random variable too. We then propose to optimize the expectation value of the objective function. The second ...
除非在脚本中使用math.randomseed显式地修改seed,否则每次运行脚本时,Lua环境都使用固定的math.randomseed(0)语句来初始化seed 1.5 创建排序辅助函数 上一节中,为了防止带有副作用的函数脚本产生不一致数据,Redis对math库的math.random函数和math.randomseed函数进行了替换。 对于Lua脚本来说,另一个可能产生不一致数据...
Thanks for filing this@randomhuangpl. I tried the steps you shared on both iOS 17.0 and iOS 17.1.1 and I can't reproduce the crash on either of them (see video on iOS 17.1.1 below). RPReplay_Final1700038972.MP4 Can you please share your device information and the full output of your...
Predation is an important aspect of a species’ realized niche, affecting the capacity to maintain a positive population growth rate through additional mortality6,7. In ground-nesting birds, predation is a major cause of reproductive failure, and can have important consequences on bird population ...
Tukey introduced a family of random variables defined by the transformation Z = [Uλ - (1 - U)γ]/λ where U is uniformly distributed on [0, 1]. Some of its properties are described with emphasis on properties of the sample range. The rectangular and logistic distributions are members of...
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Diversity is often implied to have a positive effect on the functional stability of ecological communities. However, its relationship with stochastic and deterministic assembly mechanisms remains largely unknown, particularly under fluctuating disturbanc
Let the random variable X be the loss of some portfolio and F be its distribution function. Then 𝑄𝑝(𝑋)=inf{𝑥:𝐹(𝑥)≥𝑝},0<𝑝<1 is the quantile function. When 0<𝑝<𝑞<1, the three risk measures known as VaR, ES, and RVaR are defined as follows 𝑉𝑎...