Another way to write this is to use the 'factorial' notation, where we put a '!' sign after a symbol to indicate that we want to multiply together all the numbers from 1 up to the number in question. So: 3! = 1×2×3 = 6 5! = 1×2×3×4×5 = 120 N! = 1×2×3×.....
Markov Generator: A Markov process is a weak solution to the SDE (1) if its infinitesimal generator is L. That is, if the transition function is Pt then, for suitably regular functions f. Backwards Equation: For a function f: ℝn× ℝ+→ ℝ, f(t, Xt) is a local martingal...
For more onstd::vector< bool >checkout Howard Hinnant's comments onthisStack Overflow question andthisblog post. In conclusion, it's been an interesting investigation but is it really worth it? For my particular use case the answer is "no" (at least in terms of solving my original "vert...
Colour indicates the P-value for the hypothesis test in question. Finally, for each test and at each n, we average the P-value of the range of relevant p, which is recorded on the line graph. Note adjacent densities, p, on the horizontal axis are shown with equal width, despite being...