Historical Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly Chart from January 1982 to Present. The ongoing El Niño is one of the four strongest over the past 42 years. Image provided by The International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University Climate School. https://iri.columbia....
Figure 4. Trend analysis methodological flow chart. The trend analysis was conducted using the XLSTAT application within the MS Excel environment. The null and alternative hypotheses used for the trend analysis test were: H0: There is no trend in the series and Ha: There is a trend in the ...
The proposed EWS is schematically reported in the flow chart of Figure 5 and explained in the following. The EWS was designed considering an expected rainfall from QPF with a duration of at least 4 h and a maximum cumulative rainfall depth exceeding 40 mm. According to [39], these parameters...