Infrared radiation (IR), sometimes referred to simply as infrared, is a region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum wherewavelengthsrange from about 700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter (mm). Infrared waves are longer than visible light waves but shorter than radio waves. Correspondingly, the ...
The term that multiplies Δy (in this case, (KTK)− 1KT) is sometimes referred to as the gain matrix (K− 1 from the simple inversion is another example); thus, Eq. (2.6) may be simply expressed as Δx = GΔy. However, even the least squares solution will be subject to some...
Those of the first type are referred to as photovoltaic detectors—sometimes called solar cells; those of the second type are called photoconductive detectors. There are some materials that show photoconductive effects but that are not strictly semiconductors (for example, lead sulfide), but devices ...
Betaplus decay is when a proton turns into a neutron. It also emits a positron (theantiparticle of an electron) and an electron neutrino. 公式表示为: AlphaDecay is when a heliumnucleusis emitted, often referred to as an alphaparticle. 公式表示为: 注:中微子(neutrino)的存在是假设在β衰变中...
Radiation exposure can also increase the probability of developing some other diseases, mainly different types of cancers. These diseases are sometimes referred to as radiation sickness, but they are never included in the term acute radiation syndrome...
At two locations the net allwave radiation was found to increase with increasing cloud coverage (sometimes referred to as the radiation paradox). It is demonstrated that this is due mainly to the fact that the shortwave cloud transmissivity at these sites is relatively high, which, in turn, is...
Radiation comes in many forms and is all around us, all the time. Sometimes it's dangerous; sometimes it's not. Radiation is both natural and man-made. Our bodies are exposed to natural radiation every day -- from soil and underground gases to cosmic radiation from the sun and ...
An analogy is sometimes used to characterize the propagation of thermal radiation as particles such as the molecules of a gas, each having mass, momentum, and energy, a so-called photon “gas.” In this fashion, we have that the energy of the photons in the “photon gas” is E = hν...
Electromagnetic radiation characterized as a broad smear of numerous energies referred to as bremsstrahlung, which is produced by electrons or other charged particles, such as protons and alpha-particles, as they are accelerated toward an atomic nucleus and are deflected by the Coulomb field of the ...
This mode is referred to as “R1” in the text. The electron beam was directed at the crucible, which was shifted without scanning at a speed of 1 cm/s relative to the electron beam. This mode is denoted as “R2.” The total exposure time of the electron beam on the treated ...