Key Takeaways Radiation is the emission and transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Radiation can be ionizing or nonionizing radiation, and only ionizing radiation has enough energy to potentially cause damage to cells and DNA. Sources of radiation include natural ...
There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves. ...
Fig. 1: Optical response of a silicon disk in air. The direction of incidence of the incoming plane wave can be either parallel (a–c) or perpendicular (d–f) to the disk axis. The spectral contribution of the main Cartesian multipolar terms (electric dipole (p), magnetic dipole (m),...
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which is determined by the energy distribution in the black-body radiation spectrum (at a temperature equal to that of the body). This is Kirchhoff's law. If the body scatters radiation, Kirchhoff's law can be formulated only in a more restricted way. Since in this case reflection occurs...
We propose a novel form of x‐ray projection lithography that: (1) requires no mask, and hence can be considered an x‐ray pattern generator; (2) is, in principle, capable of reaching the limits of the lithographic process. The new schem... HI Smith - 《Journal of Vacuum Science & ...
The free-field contribution can dominate that of the eigenfield for high load velocities, as is the case for the transition radiation energy. To study the features of the generated wave field in pure form, we take the load velocity sub-critical throughout the paper, excluding other radiation ...
Engineers (ANSI/IEEE) [7,8]. The limits were “based on a determination that potentially harmful biological effects can occur at a SAR (specific absorption rate) level of 4.0 W/kg as averaged over the whole-body.” The SAR is a measure of the rate of RF energy absorbed per unit mass...
(recovery of the arrest, with a resulting delay), while, if the repair is unsuccessful, the cell can eventually die thus exiting the cycle or progress fixing alteration (genome instability). Cell-cycle arrests following radiation exposure have been observed experimentally mainly as accumulation in\...
the heat energy generated by the human body can be transferred by radiation, conduction, convection to the ceramic particles1,2,3,4. These ceramic particles act as black-body absorbers and re-emit the absorbed energy as infrared radiation back to the body5. According to the classification of ...