Alpha radiationoriginates from what are classed as relatively heavy particles, more specificallyhelium atomswithout electrons, which can only travel a short distance of a few centimeters through the air. Typical alpha emitters include radium-226, radon-222, uranium-238, plutonium-236, thorium-232, ...
In all of these 60.(case), the device that generates radio waves is called the transmitter(发射机)61.the device that picks radio waves up is called the 62.(receive).But technology is not the only thing that can create radio waves. Lightning gives off radio waves.63.do lots of objects...
The greatest health consequences of a nuclear accident or explosion are linked toradioactive materials(radio-nuclides) that can travel through air and water for thousands of miles, contaminating the world with radioactive particles. Once the human body is exposed to nuclear fallout, radioactive isoto...
Beta radiationis made up of beta particles, which are electrons ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Beta particles are smaller and more penetrating than alpha particles, but their range in tissue is still limited. Beta radiation can travel several meters in air and is only mod...
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Based on the definition of interaction cross-section, the dependence of gamma rays intensity on the thickness of absorber material can be derived. Ifmonoenergetic gamma raysare collimated into anarrow beamand if the detector behind the material only detects ...
in the atomic orbitals), the laws of energy and momentum conservation predict that only a small fraction of the massive particle’s energy can be transferred to the less massive particle. The actual amount of transferred energy depends on how closely the charged particles pass through the atom,...
📺 Old TVs with Cathode-Ray Tube used to emit some amounts of ionizing radiation; the TVs we use nowadays might be the source of non-ionizing radiation only. ⌚ Luminous wristwatches (LCD) –especially popular during the '90s, with screens that glow in the dark. 🚀 Weapons test fal...
Cosmic rays and background radiation ionize millions of cells every day and yet lifetime cancer incidence is only about 30% in the U.S. population. Other effects must modify this idea drastically. Cells can be repaired; they can be excreted without leading to a cancer, and so on. Whether...
The wave behaviour of radiation is apparent in its propagation through space, while the particle behaviour is revealed by the nature of interactions with matter. Because of this, care must be exercised to use the terms waves and particles only when appropriate. Electromagnetic rays and neutrinos ...