Electromagnetic wave data measured by the low-altitude DEMETER spacecraft sometimes exhibit intense emissions at discrete, harmonically spaced frequencies. We present a comprehensive analysis of this type of phenomenon, and we demonstrate that it is caused by very low frequency (VLF) transmitters in Eu...
Energy and efficiency calibrations were obtained using three multi-γ-ray sources with known activity and energy values from 59.5 to 1332.5 keV. The range of calibration efficiency is varied from 0.5 to 2%. The granitic samples were measured for 2000s using the minimum detection limits (MDL) ...
The degree to which this competition occurs is measured by the ratio of intensities of positron–negatron pairs to gamma radiation or (e±/γ). Some examples of nuclides that emit such positron–negatron pairs and the intensities of these pairs relative to gamma radiation are given in Table ...
then the dose/dose rate at the new location will quarter (Woodhead2002). The activity, measured in Becquerel (Bq), is defined as the strength of a radioactive source which represents the number
The aim of this work is to develop an equation that links the concentration of radiation activity measured practically with the radioactivity of radio..Saad Abd MIsmail AlMusawi HArkan Turk
The maximum strain (MS) is defined as the change in length when muscle sample fractured. The ultimate tensile stress (UTS) is the maximum tension a muscle sample can resist, which is measured as the peak point of the stress-strain curve. Once the applied load exceeded this value, the ...
The radiation response of cultured rabbit aortic endothelial cells was measured using colony formation to determine survival. The dose survival curve was qualitatively similar to those reported for other cell types. At doses of 400 rad and greater, the curve was an exponential function of dose with...
The error associated with every calculation was measured by the standard deviation (SD) equation. The disintegration of a radionuclide is a random process, and only an estimate of the true activity of a sample can be obtained. Factors such as the confidence limit and sample counting error are ...
We have previously found that fiber deprivation increased the mucus-degrading activity in our mouse model, an effect that was exacerbated by irradiation (P. Patel et al., unpublished results). It is reasonable to assume that mucus erosion permitted the bacteria to penetrate the mucosa in the ...
As can be seen in Table 1 the SAM process is not capable of determining the MWR absorption as measured by SAR in every category except the relative cost and volume resolution. Nevertheless, the SAM process has been exclusively used to certify every cellphone to date. 4.2. Cellphone manual war...