Described are a method and a system for generating a short-term forecast of echo tops as defined by weather radar measurements. The method includes receiving echo tops images for different times. An echo tops growth rate and an echo tops maximum value are determined for pixels in one of the...
Described are a method and a system for generating a short-term forecast of echo tops as defined by weather radar measurements. The method includes receiving echo tops images for different times. An echo tops growth rate and an echo tops maximum value are determined for pixels in one of the...
Utilizing total lightning data, which includes both incloud (IC) and cloudtoground (CG) flashes, from Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN), the relationships between the total lightning flash rates and radar data such reflectivity, vertically integrated liquid (VIL)and echo tops (ET) ...
Dealing with the MAPS architecture, the echo is recorded by N sensors so that N delayed copies of the same signal are recorded. Given a Doppler frequency and knowing the DoA of the signal and the 𝑁−1N−1 DoAs of interference, we can compute the N coefficients of the optimum recombi...
From Equation (28), the calculation of each pixel is independent, meaning that this algorithm is easily parallelizable. The first two blocks correspond to the IFFT and FFT shift operations present in Equation (26). The differential range block corresponds to the calculation of the distance between...
This demonstrates intensive attenuation; thus, part of the echo in the upper layer could not be observed. This is the most obvious limitation of using CR to detect convective clouds. In segment C, the cloud body stabilized gradually, and the cloud top height decreased to below 10 km. ...
In contrast to non-hail convective cells, hail-producing cells tend to display stronger ZH with higher tops in the strong ZH region. They often exhibit an overhanging morphology with weak echo regions, or even well-defined weak echo regions [33], owing to stronger updrafts and higher near-...
[65]. For active satellite sensors, the CTH difference between CloudSat and KAZR is ranging from −1.24 km to 0.77 km, with a mean value of −0.24 km. The CTH differences for all CALIPSO-KAZR cases are from −0.49 km to 1.89 km, and the average value is 0.43 km, meaning that...