Tonry, M. (1994). Editorial: Racial disparities in courts and prisons. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 4(3), 158-162.Editorial: Racial disparities in courts and prisons - Tonry - 1994Tonry, M. (1994). "Editorial: Racial disparities in courts and prisons." Criminal Behaviour and ...
The color of justice: Racial and ethnic disparity in state prisons. (2020, July 9). The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons/ Ethnic and racial minorities & socioeconomic status. (2017, July). https:/...
Created Equal: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the US Criminal Justice System NCCD uses federal and state data to catalog racial and ethnic disparities at each stage of the justice system, including arrest, court processing, jails and prisons, probation and parole, and the death penalty. Primaril...
After nearly three decades, there has been a revival of interest in the racial integration of inmates in prisons. In light of what has been done, the literature still questions whether racial integration policies, either forced or voluntary, can be implemented at the practical level. This article...
, receive harsher punishments than their white counterparts for the same crimes, (American Civil Liberties Union, Racial Disparities in Sentencing (Oct. 27, 2014) (sentences imposed on Black males in the federal system are nearly 20% longer than those imposed on white males conv...
We argue that systemic factors operating across levels — from the interpersonal to the cultural — contribute to the production and reinforcement of racial biases in children and adults. We consider the effects of five systemic factors on racial biases in the USA: power and privilege disparities,...
Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Essay Racial inequality is growing. Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. My research will examine the U.S. criminal justice policies and how it has the most adver...
Racial disparities in the drug war Since the drug war began in 1971, The United States of America has been creating policies that openly discriminate against minorities. Many political officials have claimed their policies and efforts are aimed at ending the drug war but they have failed to take...
The Prison within a Prison As a Barrier to Freedom: The Health Impact of Racial Disparities in Solitary Confinement in Michigan PrisonsFinn Bell, MSW
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4, 659–670. Google Scholar Johnson, N. N., & Johnson, T. L. (2019). Microaggressions: An introduction. In U. Thomas (Ed.), Navigating micro-aggressions towards women in higher education (pp. 1–22). Hershey: IGI Global. Google ...