Race or People: Federal Race Classifications for Europeans in America, 1898–1913Working PaperRasseMigrantenKlassifikationGeschichteUSAIn 1898 the U.S. Bureau of Immigration initiated a classification of immigrants into some 40 categories of "race or people;" nearly all the categories covered Europeans....
Race, ethnicity, and genomics: social classifications as proxies of biological heterogeneity. Genome Res. 12, 844–850 (2002). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Schwartz, R.S. Racial profiling in medical research. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1392–1393 (2001). Article CAS PubMed Google ...
Individuals who were classified as “European” or of European ancestry were coded in the Unknown race category, as race and ethnicity classifications do not consistently map onto genetic ancestry and particularly for European ancestry45. Studies differed in their approach to reporting Hispanic/Latino ...
data from the 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed differences in two metrics via chi-square statistics: 1) lifetime uptake, and 2) up-to-date cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and gender identity, within and across racial/ethnic classifications. ...
In the early and mid-twentieth century, race was widely regarded among physical anthropologists (and most Americans) as an essential, biological component of human identity. Within that consensus, however, there were serious debates over the nature of race, heredity, identity, classifications, and ...
The solutions offered by classifications in the 2000/2001 round of censuses include a subdivided 'mixed' category in England and Wales and provision to select one or more categories in the USA. This marks an end to the official conceptualisation of 'pure' races that has been so pervasive in ...
We condensed the data’s urban and rural classifications into 3 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan categories of residence (large metropolitan, medium and small metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan areas). Large metropolitan areas refer to counties in metropolitan statistical areas with a population of 1 milli...
(C16.0 to C16.9), small intestine cancer (C17.0 to C17.9), colon cancer (C18.0 to C18.9), rectal cancer (C19.9, C20.9) and anal cancer (C21.0, C21.1) from 1990 to 2009 were extracted from the SEER database (SEER*S tat 8.2.1) according to the Site Recode classifications. We...
Due to small cell sizes, I convert the eight possible race classifications in the 1990–2016 bridged-race data to just four race groups (White NH, Black NH, Hispanic, and Other NH). Out-of-sample validation makes use of the three-race-group data set covering 1969–2016 while the actual...
Unlike these classifications, however, racial classifications soon became infused with ethnic biases. This entry examines the role of racial bias on the health professions, focusing in particular on the discriminatory exclusion of Jews from the medical professions in twentieth-century Germany and of ...