The next hop for the route is changed at each ABR to local router which removes the need to leak OSPF routes across area boundaries. The bandwidth available on each of the core links is mapped to OSPF cost, hence it is imperative th...
At the request of the operator, a local MEP sends an LTM. Each hop where there is a maintenance point sends an LTR back to the originating MEP. This allows the administrator to discover connectivity data about the path. It is similar...