Theintegerdata type specifies real values without decimal points. We use the suffixLto specify integer data. For example, integer_variable <- 186L print(class(integer_variable)) Output [1] "integer" Here,186Lis an integer data. So we get"integer"when we print the class ofinteger_variable. ...
### Multivariate Data Notes: *** ### Moira Perceived Audience Size Colored by Age Notes: *** ### Third Qualitative Variable Notes: ```{r Third Qualitative Variable} library(ggplot2) library(dplyr) # library(scales) # library(memisc) # library(reshape) library(gridExtra) ggplot(aes(x =...
Example 1: Get Data Type with sapply Function Example 1 illustrates how to determine the classes of our variables with the sapply function: sapply(data,class)# Inspect classes with sapply# x1 x2 x3# "integer" "character" "factor" The variable x2 is an integer; the variable x2 is a cha...
Width 150 2 4.4 3 0.5 3.06 0.436 0.036 0.07 # Whole data frame #::: iris %>% get_summary_stats(type = "common") #> # A tibble: 4 x 10 #> variable n min max median iqr mean sd se ci #> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> #> 1 Petal...
数据框(dataframe)是一个由行和列组成的二维结构,其中行表示观测(observation)或记录(record),列表示变量(variable)或指标(indicator)。数据框与 Excel、SAS 和SPSS 中的数据集类似。数据框看起来与矩阵很相似,而且矩阵的很多操作也适用于数据框,如子集的选择。 与矩阵不同的是,数据框里不同的列可以是不同模式(...
Error: StatBin requires a continuous x variable: the x variable is discrete.Perhaps you want stat=”count”? Error: unexpected ‘,’ in “,” Error: unexpected ‘}’ in X Error: unexpected ‘=’ in “=” Error: unexpected ‘)’ in “)” Error: unexpected ‘else’ in “else” Error...
在编程中,创建一个新变量通常涉及以下几个基础概念: ### 基础概念 1. **变量(Variable)**:变量是存储数据的容器。它有一个名称(标识符),可以用来引用存储在其中的值。 2. **数...
cor_mat(): compute correlation matrix with p-values. Returns a data frame containing the matrix of the correlation coefficients. The output has an attribute named "pvalue", which contains the matrix of the correlation test p-values. cor_get_pval(): extract a correlation matrix p-values from...
In Example 1, I’ll explain how to return the sum of only one variable of our data frame (i.e. x1). For this, we can use the sum function as shown below:sum(data$x1) # Applying sum function # 15The sum of all values contained in the column x1 is 15....
使用方法：spread(df, key = "variable_name", value = "value")示例：df_wide <- df_long %>%...