All parameters in the model have physical meaning and are calibrated with experimental data.doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1462)Khalid M. MosalamAsst. Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720Richard N. ...
The ideal case without any noise would yield a step function, meaning the discriminator does not trigger below its threshold but triggers all of the 160 pulses sent, if they are above their threshold. However, in reality, there are additional noises on the baseline, and the step function ...
We first observe that the compression and tension results are perfectly superimposed, meaning that no difference emerges between these two loadings as far as it concerns apparent elastic modulus. Next, when comparing with the well-known Gibson and Ashby cellular solid equation of the evolution of th...
Since for impact tests a higher incident energy corresponds to a higher displacement, and for static tests ‘incident energy’ has no meaning, the displacement will be used in the following discussions as a measure to enable valid comparisons to be made between the dynamic and quasi-static result...
28a). The meaning of the listed quantities is explained by Eqs. (8)–(12) (implying in this instance only diagonal covariances). The ndf (second column) represents the number of experimental bins for each calculation. The relative normalization uncertainty \(\delta =10.7\%/9.8\%\) for the...
One can also observe that the variances observed for CP and HB are significantly larger than for the other solvers, meaning that the col- location based BEM without ISA is very sensitive to irregular meshing. As explained in the previous section, OpenMEEG considers as unknowns both the ...
The changes in the optical paths, meaning fluctuations in the intensity of the light received, are the second source of errors. Aging of the different elements of the system: source, detector, passive elements, connectors and fiber are also a problem. To overcome this limitation and to ensure...
x1 q1 ¼ 0; lim xNL !x1 q2 ¼ 0; ð18Þ meaning that close to x1, the backbone curve ampli- tudes are going to zero as expected. The situation is different in the vicinity of x2=2. Indeed at this second boundary xNL ¼ x2=2, one obtains: lim xNL !x2 =2 q...
18d), although the permanent strains are a little underestimated, their evolution is qualitatively correct, meaning that permanent deformations are generated both in the loading and in the reloading stages. In order to provide a quantitative proof of the beneficial role of the multidirectional damage ...
AuxeticExtreme loadsAuxetics are structures and materials with a negative Poisson's ratio, meaning they contract in the direction perpendicular to the applied force under a compressive load. This phenomenon can lead to increased energy absorption, among other favourable parameters to protect against ...