The particle-physics breakthrough that paved the way for the Higgs boson The discovery of ‘weak neutral currents’ at Europe’s particle-physics research centre CERN 50 years ago was a decisive step towards establishing the standard model of particle physics — a journey that continues to this...
The Hall effect refers to the phenomenon where a voltage is generated perpendicular to the direction of both the current and the magnetic field when a current passes through a material placed in a magnetic field. This effect was discovered by American scientist Edwin Hall in 1879 and has been ...
one, to store information, quantum computers use quantum bits (or qubits), which can hold any linear combination of zero and one simultaneously (Steane,1998). Qubits leverage the advantage of the properties of quantum mechanics and in particular the effect of superposition (visualization see Fig....
A conventional computer processes bits, where each bit could be, say, a switch which is either on or off. To build highly complex entangled quantum states, the fundamental information-carrying component of a quantum computer must be what we call a “qubit” rather than a bit. The trouble is...
Quantum computing is a tough subject, and the current research is still at the early stages of quantum technology, which is still full of challenges in obtaining a breakthrough of basic physics. "The global race for quantum computing is essentially more like a marathon, with a long road ahead...
quantum information; quantum computation; integrated photonics; quantum processors; quantum technologies1. Introduction The idea of building a computer based on the manipulation of quantum systems dates back to the early 1980s, when R. P. Feynman, among others, proposed in his pioneering work [1]...
As “virtual particles” never physically manifest in spacetime, they have no influence at all on the classical energy density 𝑇00T00, or pressure 𝑇𝑖𝑖Tii, in spacetime, and thus no effect on the expansion of the universe, as given by Einstein’s equations: 𝐺𝜇𝜈=𝜅𝑇𝜇...
Stores information in qubits as 0, 1 or a superposition of 0 and 1. Processes data with quantum logic at parallel instances, relying on interference. Quantum processors do not perform mathematical equations the same way classical computers do. Unlike classical computers that must compute every step...
Quantum interference (QI) is a characteristic quantum effect found in nanoscale charge transport and has been predicted to enhance transistor performance (Fig. 1)6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. However, it is difficult to create two nanoscale quantum-coherent channels in standard conductors, because ...
Unknown Quantum Effect Makes Insulator Oscillate January 17, 2021byAl Williams22 Comments If there are two classes of matter that electronics people can agree on, its conductors and insulators. Electrically, conductors and insulators don’t have much in common. The same has held true in the quan...