In simple terms, three main groups of artists were at work during the Qing Dynasty: (1) the traditionalists, who aimed to revitalize painting through a more modern reinterpretation of past models; (2) the individualists and scholar-artists, (epitomized by the likes of Bada Shanren), who ...
The art of the Qing dynasty, even the painting of many of its finest eccentrics and the design of its best gardens, is similarly characterized both by lavish decoration and ornate effects as well as by superb technique and conservative taste. By the 19th century, however, China’s internal ...
In terms of arts, two of the “Four Arts” were calligraphy and painting. Imperial scholars and painters were often employed by aristocrats, officials, or by the emperor himself to create pieces. The individualist art style also emerged during the time, conveying themes related to freedom and ...
The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707). The nineteenth century saw such innovations as the Shanghai School and the Lingnan School, which used the technical...
Six Masters of the early Qing period, Group of major Chinese artists who worked in the 17th and early 18th centuries (Qing dynasty). Also known as “orthodox masters,” they continued the tradition of the scholar-painter, following the injunctions of the
Nurhachi was a chieftain of the Jianzhou Juchen, a Manchurian tribe, and one of the founders of the Manchu, or Qing, dynasty. His first attack on China (1618) presaged his son Dorgon’s conquest of the Chinese empire. The Juchen (Chinese: Nüzhen, or Ruz
Qing dynasty, the last of the imperial dynasties of China, spanning the years 1644 to 1911/12. Under the Qing the territory of the empire and its population grew significantly, many of the non-Chinese minorities within the empire were Sinicized, and an i
emperor of Qing dynasty Print Also known as: Qing Shizong, Shizong, Xiandi, Yinzhen, Yung-cheng Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gaine...
Based largely on the dicta of a late Ming dynasty artist-critic, Dong Qichang, Qing painters are classified as “individualist” masters (such as Daoji and Zhu Da) and “orthodox” masters (such as the Six Masters of the early Qing period). In addition, there are “schools” of ...
Shunzhi was the first emperor (reigned 1644–61) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12). The ninth son of Abahai (1592–1643), the great ruler of the Manchu kingdom of Manchuria, Fulin succeeded to the throne in 1643 at the age of five (six by Chin