defouter_function():num=10definner_function():nonlocalnum num=20inner_function()print(num)# Output: 20outer_function() 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 示例问题 假设我们有一个全局变量total,用于计算某个函数被调用的总次数。我们希望在每次调用该函数时,都能够更新total的值。下面是...
嵌套函数就是在函数中定义函数,英文叫nested function 代码语言:javascript 代码运行次数:0 运行 AI代码解释 def outer(x): def inner(): print(x) inner() 这也很好理解,在函数outer中定义了另外一个函数inner,而inner也必须在outer中被调用才能执行。
def outer_function(): y = 20 # 嵌套作用域变量 def inner_function(): print(y) inner_function() outer_function() # 输出:20 4.3 全局变量 变量在函数外部定义的时候,其作用域为全局作用域,可以在整个程序中被访问。 global_variable = 30 # 全局变量 def my_function(): print(global_variable) #...
To modify the outer scope variable a in another_func, we have to use the global keyword. def another_func() global a a += 1 return a Output: >>> another_func() 2 In another_closure_func, a becomes local to the scope of another_inner_func, but it has not been initialized previous...
Common Mistake #10: Misusing the__del__method Let’s say you had this in a file calledmod.py: import fooclassBar(object): ...def__del__(self): foo.cleanup(self.myhandle) And you then tried to do this fromanother_mod.py:
Function03 concat(objs: 'Iterable[NDFrame] | Mapping[Hashable, NDFrame]', axis=0, join='outer', ignore_index: 'bool' = False, keys=None, levels=None, names=None, verify_integrity: 'bool' = False, sort: 'bool' = False, copy: 'bool' = True) -> 'FrameOrSeriesUnion' ...
If the function changes (perhaps by changing the order of the returned items, or adding more items), the unpacking of the returned value will be incorrect. Instead, you can modify existing code to return a namedtuple instance:>> > def f ( ) : . . . # Return a namedtuple! . . . ...
pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col1',left_on='col1',right_on='col2',how='inner',sort=False) #how有outer,left,right选项,默认inner,suffixes表示在相同的列名添加后缀 pd.concat([df1,df2,df3], axis=0,join='outer',ignore_index=False,keys=["x","y","z"]) ...
.iloc[:,:4]group_bv=pd.concat([B0,V0],join='inner',axis=1).iloc[:,:4]sgvw=group_sg['VW'].sum()/group_sg['me'].sum()smvw=group_sm['VW'].sum()/group_sm['me'].sum()svvw=group_sv['VW'].sum()/group_sv['me'].sum()bgvw=group_bg['VW'].sum()/group_bg['me'...
首先,打印数字1(这是在inner_function内部首先执行的操作)。 2. 然后,打印传递给greet函数的位置参数(本例中为(10,))和关键字参数(本例中为空字典{})。 3. 接着,执行了原始的greet函数体中的操作,即打印传入的值10。 4. 最后,打印数字2(这是在inner_function内部,在调用原函数之后执行的操作)。 这样就...