Oops, your decorator ate the return value from the function.Because the do_twice_wrapper() doesn’t explicitly return a value, the call return_greeting("Adam") ends up returning None.To fix this, you need to make sure the wrapper function returns the return value of the decorated function...
Method to implement mixed mode arithmetic. __coerce__ should return None if type conversion is impossible. Otherwise, it should return a pair (2-tuple) of self and other, manipulated to have the same type. Represe...
Python >>> from timer import Timer >>> t = Timer() >>> t Timer(name=None, text='Elapsed time: {:0.4f} seconds', logger=<built-in function print>) >>> t.start() >>> t.stop() # A few seconds later Elapsed time: 6.7197 seconds 6.719705373998295 ...
A common practice to avoid bugs due to mutable arguments is to assign None as the default value and later check if any value is passed to the function corresponding to that argument. Example: def some_func(default_arg=None): if default_arg is None: default_arg = [] default_arg.append(...
Indirect function callsuse another variable for this function use partial use as parameter def indirect(func, *args) use nested func and return it (functional approach) eval("func_name()") -> returns func result exec("func_name()") -> returns None importing module (assuming module foo ...
It does this by finding all modules in the package whose name starts with test_, importing them, and executing the function test_main() if present or loading the tests via unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule if test_main does not exist. The names of tests to execute may also be ...
Generalized combine function def combine(coll, initval, action, filter=None): """Starting at initval, perform action on each element of coll, finally returning the result. If filter is not None, only include elements for which filter(element) is true. action is a function of two arguments...
Let's move back to thefor statement:iis the variable, which keeps on getting a value generated byrange()function, and the block of statement (s) are worked on for each value ofi. As the last value is assigned toi, the loop block is executed last time and control is returned to next...
ts = time()# Partially apply the create_thumbnail method, setting the size to 128x128# and returning a function of a single argument.thumbnail_128 = partial(create_thumbnail, (128,128))# Create the executor in a with block so shutdown is called when the block# is exited.withProcessPool...
Moreover, pickle keeps track of the objects it has serialized and the serialization is portable across versions. The function used for the above process is pickle.dump(). Unpickling: Unpickling is the complete inverse of pickling. It deserializes the byte stream to recreate the objects stored ...