模块,用一砣代码实现了某个功能的代码集合。 类似于函数式编程和面向过程编程,函数式编程则完成一个功能,其他代码用来调用即可,提供了代码的重用性和代码间的耦合。而对于一个复杂的功能来,可能需要多个函数才能完成(函数又可以在不同的.py文件中),n个 .py 文件组成的代码集合就称为模块。 如:os 是系统相关的...
These error messages are another example of Python telling us that we have got our data types in a muddle(困惑). In the first case, we are told that the operation of subtraction (i.e., -) cannot apply to objects of type str (strings), while in the second, we are told that divisio...
The specialized function (named lookdict_unicode in CPython's source) knows all existing keys (including the looked-up key) are strings, and uses the faster & simpler string comparison to compare keys, instead of calling the __eq__ method. The first time a dict instance is accessed with ...
For instance, compare these two:print ( 'This is output to the console' ) logger . debug ( 'This is output to the console' ) The huge advantage of the latter is that, with a single change to a setting on the logger instance, you can either show or hide all your debugging messages...
(ds1 < ds2) ''' Series1: 0 2 1 4 2 6 dtype: int64 Series2: 0 1 1 7 2 6 dtype: int64 Compare the elements of the said Series: Equals: 0 False 1 False 2 True dtype: bool Greater than: 0 True 1 False 2 False dtype: bool Less than: 0 False 1 True 2 False dtype: bool...
Even though the first literal comes with a prefix, it has no effect on the outcome, so both strings compare as equal.To observe the real difference between raw and standard string literals in Python, consider a different example depicting a date formatted as a string:...
ramanujan.py: compare behavior of simple str and bytes regular expressions import re re_numbers_str = re.compile(r'\d+') re_words_str = re.compile(r'\w+') re_numbers_bytes = re.compile(rb'\d+') re_words_bytes = re.compile(rb'\w+') text_str = ("Ramanujan saw \u0be7\u0...
quit() def headersMatch(self, hdrtext1, hdrtext2): # try match by simple string compare if hdrtext1 == hdrtext2: self.trace('Same headers text') return True # try match without status lines split1 = hdrtext1.splitlines() # s.split('\n'), but no final '' split2 = hdrtext2...
Hashable objects that compare equal must have the same hash value, meaning default hash() that returns 'id(self)' will not do. That is why Python automatically makes classes unhashable if you only implement eq(). class MyHashable: def __init__(self, a): self._a = copy.deepcopy(a) ...
The str function converts the result to a string; the split function splits the string on whitespace and makes each of the substrings an element in a list; and the [0] says “grab the first element in the list,” which in this case is the number 1. We’ll see the [0] syntax ...