Thermal voltage of the PV in an array at time t [V] Ns Number of seri connected PV PV in an array at time t q Electron charge (q=1.60217646x10-19 C) a Diode ideality constant k Boltzmann constant (k=1.3806503x10-23 J/K) T Temperature of the p–n junction [K] ItPV,n Light-gen...