This is the impairment due to the interplay between the fiber chromatic dispersion and the nonlinear effects. This is evaluated from the transmission experiments carried out in laboratories as the difference between the measuredQfactor and the theoreticalOSNR based Q factorcalculated from Eq. 5.19. The...
laser emission is o2%, whereas it is typically within 3– 23% in case of SR, the largest measured values being ~ 35%. We observe a correlation between a decrease of ng and the length of the structure, with the maximum decrease being for the shortest devices. The measurement conditions ...
Adjust the laser beam width so that it is approximately 10-15 mm (0.4-0.6") wider than the OMR marks on both sides. Either by pressing the pointed arrows or by just pointing at the beam and drag. Perform a calibration. This is done either by pressing the [Calibrate] button from the ...
(red line) profiles of the laser pulses transmitted through the compressor-coated substrate. The measured full-width at-half maximum durations show the pulse shortening by 11 fs.egroup delay profile retrieved from the SH-FROG measurements (SH-FROG measurement: blue line, white-light ...
pulse width, wherein the first pulse width has a first duration;folding circuitry, based on the map and the second signal, configured to:generate a third signal having a second pulse that is continuous over time defining a second pulse width, wherein the second pulse width has a second ...
the time point x. Assuming the bias voltage as being set at just below 40 volts, the elapsed time t-x at which the tube 36 will become conductive can be measured as distance on the scale A' of the potentiometer arm 18 and, in the present example corresponds to a distance of 20 ...
The phase noise results in a finite width of the lines in the generated frequency comb. There are interesting relations between different types of noise in mode-locked lasers [17]. Note that the article on mode-locked lasers contains some more details on different kinds of mode-locked lasers,...
The energy as the characteristic of the output laser radiation is used, preferably in the case of pulsed lasers. Then theenergy Eis the total (integrated) energy content of one pulse. It is measured in Joules (J) and can be generated in the order of nanojoules (10−9J) (in microlaser...
Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB) and in terms of voltage: (3.2)dB=−20log10(VoutVin) Hence 3 dB represents a factor of 1.4 in voltage while 20 dB is a factor of 10. If Vpp is the measured peak-to-peak voltage after taking into account the attenuation, the power is ...
However, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was considerably different among the 10 waveforms; Ricketts’ waveform had the longest FWHM, followed by Hun’s. VG95371-10 had the shortest FWHM. EMP energy density in the air can be estimated by integrating the electric field function, as ...