UK PPP transactions are typically structured on the basis that the bidder assumes liability for the design, construction and operation of the relevant asset, and will enter into a single design and build contract with a subcontractor (the ‘design and build contractor’). There are no specific s...
The public authorities’ contribution of at least 20% to the reimbursement of insurance costs could potentially encourage insurance activity, and the loss of liability would be recouped through higher taxes paid by the farmers [21]. Insurance companies can reduce the insurance fee and thus encourage...
Its aim is to explore and develop the potential of micro-insurance for smallholders. The insurance is branded as Kilimo Salama (KS), which means 'safe farming' in Kiswahili. Insurance should be simple, affordable and relevant to small farmers. With KS, smallholders can insure selected farm ...
1, of the 527 PDBs and DFIs worldwide, the number of multinational PDBs and DFIs is 47, accounting for 9% of the total. This number may appear relatively small, but it is in fact surprisingly high. Apart from the most well-known group of multilateral banks at the international and ...
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Many environmental pollutants are known to have disproportionate effects on Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) as well as communities of low-income and wealth. The reasons for these disproportionate effects are complex and involve hundreds of
As such, certification of standards could disappear in favor of a more general risk and insurance model for food and farming [41]. In addition to harmonizing food safety standards to reduce duplication and multiple audits, the need for global harmonization of food safety regulations is also ...