Here are a few examples: California: Passed the Public Banking Act in 2019, which allows municipal public banks to be chartered.7 New Jersey: Governor Phil Murphy created a public bank implementation board in 2019 to expand access to capital for the state's most under-served communities.8 New...
Federal Power Commission. However, these cases are usually not considered official establishment of environmental public interest litigation in the U.S. It is generally believed that the formal establishment of environmental public interest litigation in the U.S. began with the “Clean Air Act” ...
local authorities, or state-owned enterprises – of goods, services and works (OECD,2023).Footnote3Government bodies can conduct these purchases by awarding a public procurement contract to an individual company (private or state-owned) or to a consortium of firms that make a joint bid...
Within this platform, enterprises submit monthly tax declarations consisting of information on the number of employees, salaries for each employee, and turnover. The system automatically calculates the taxes due: information on wages is used to estimate the labor taxes, while the turnover is ...
In Namibia, a governance framework already exists for SOEs in the form of the State-Owned Enterprises Governance Act, and it is encouraging to see that the directives issued by the related Africa G&PS Insight Journal 15 "We must provide institutional and management support to SOEs for them to...
Other activities carried out by Recover Canterbury included facilitating and assisting in the creation of local business associations, facilitating the co-location and coordination of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the arts sector and engaging in an on-going feedback process with business ...
Based on the actors involved, four basic types can be defined: public–public, public-private (government and private sectors, or enterprises), multi-agent (government, enterprises, and non-profit social organizations, etc.), and inter-regional (Toppinen & Korhonen, 2013; Emerson, 2018; Yu &...
Social enterprises in particular are concerned about the lack of consistency in procurement across the public sector (as one of them put it, “what is good in one sector (e.g. NHS) is poor in others and vice versa”) and consider that “public sector clients need to share knowledge and...
(ii) governance institutions. Regarding a robust policy framework, this relates both to the regulatory and institutional architecture that spells out the rules of the game, for example, through PPP legislation (statutory acts) and regulations (these give effect to the act for the former is ...
Survey on the access to finance of enterprises in the euro area. Resource document. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/safe/html/index.en.html. Accessed 2 June 2023 European Commission (2016). Capital markets union: First status report, Staff Working Document,...