Hallucinogens and psychedelics do not share a common mechanism of action, but all inducehallucinations. These drugs can either be natural such as mescaline, which is derived from the peyote cactus, or synthetic such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), but they are typically classified pharmacologica...
Psychoactive drugsare chemical substances that change brain functions by altering perception, consciousness, mood, behavior or cognition. Based on UNODC, Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances of abuse, either in a pure form or preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Conve...
Iboga plants smuggled out of Gabon provide most of the world’s ibogaine, a drug that can help heal trauma and addiction. As the plant enters fair trade, officials hope regulation ensures equity and sustainability.
Today, the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is: a. alcohol b. marijuana c. nicotine d. caffeine Psychoactive Drugs: Psychoactive drugs can alter consciousness and affect the brain's memory, attention and reasoning as the substances influence ...
Psychoactive drugs can have profound effects on salivation: apart from affecting the amount of saliva secreted (i.e. causing either hypo- or hypersalivation), they may also modify the composition of the saliva. Hyposalivation leads to the subjective experience of 'dry mouth' (xerostomia) ...
It addition- ally would allow for "traditional, cultural use of drugs, whose public health impact has been shown to be very limited, such as coca leaves in Bolivia and various forms of cannabis in India" [65]. It may well be argued that the right to determine food and drug preferences ...
Historically speaking, the new psychoactive substances (NPS's) emerging at the dawn of the 21st century as the followers of earlier psychoactive drugs - opiates, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines - can be considered a logical consequence of the humanity's drug history. For the human nature has alw...
New or Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are a diverse group of synthetic substances created to mimic the effects of prescription or illicit drugs that are often used non-medically.1The term NPS doesn’t necessarily mean that the substance is novel, only that it is newly observed in the ill...
This review will outline the mechanisms of generation of these oscillations at the cellular and network level, and will highlight the effects of drugs that may modify these mechanisms. Possible modification of fast oscillations by disease processes and clinical intervention are discussed....
although he admitted the existence of a spiritual substance. D. Hume denied the existence of either material or spiritual substance, regarding the notion of substance as merely a hypothesis—an attempt to group perceptions together into a whole, as it were—that is characteristic of commonsense kno...