Psychoactive drugsare chemical substances that change brain functions by altering perception, consciousness, mood, behavior or cognition. Based on UNODC, Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances of abuse, either in a pure form or preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Conve...
Iboga plants smuggled out of Gabon provide most of the world’s ibogaine, a drug that can help heal trauma and addiction. As the plant enters fair trade, officials hope regulation ensures equity and sustainability.
Psychotropic drugs, particularly antidepressants both tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors when administered either to animals or to patients suffering from depressive illness affects the pineal gland function and melatonin concentration.3.3. This raises the possibility that the beneficial effects of ...
Psychoactive drugs can have profound effects on salivation: apart from affecting the amount of saliva secreted (i.e. causing either hypo- or hypersalivation), they may also modify the composition of the saliva. Hyposalivation leads to the subjective experience of 'dry mouth' (xerostomia) which...
although he admitted the existence of a spiritual substance. D. Hume denied the existence of either material or spiritual substance, regarding the notion of substance as merely a hypothesis—an attempt to group perceptions together into a whole, as it were—that is characteristic of commonsense kno...
Administration in animals is by injection, either intravenous (IV), intramuscular, or subcutaneous. The aforementioned branded products are all available as solutions (20, 100, and 300 mg/ml), whereas xylazine that is adulterated in illicit drugs is likely to be in a solid form. The approved ...
A new national survey reveals considerable differences between psychiatrists' perceptions about the safety and therapeutic value of certain psychoactive drugs and how those same drugs are categorized under U.S. policy.
rather than any illicit drugs measured. Nevertheless, alcohol is one of the substances with the highest likelihood of developing into dependence and has among the highest morbidity rates87,88. Moreover, this is one of the most easily accessible substances for both youth and adults alike89,90. ...
It additionally would allow for "traditional, cultural use of drugs, whose public health impact has been shown to be very limited, such as coca leaves in Bolivia and various forms of cannabis in India" [65]. It may well be argued that the right to determine food and drug preferences ...
The use of benzodiazepines and codeine were also significantly associated with psychological distress, albeit these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the sample size. These “Central Nervous System depressants” are in most cases prescription drugs diverted for recreational purposes through...