AFM, TEM and XPS are used to characterize the structure and composition of the samples. Analyses indicate that the C-doped WO3 nanoparticle cluster arrays are arranged in a beautiful hexagonal configuration and they are interconnected by a superthin carbon film. The cluster with sizes in the ...
The polymer-enzyme layers were physically characterized using AFM, XPS, and FTIR. The immobilized enzyme was able to retain 91% of the initial enzymatic activity when using 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and 78% when exposed to triglycerides from castor oil. Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V. All ...